Mathematical Order in the Artwork of Leonardo Da Vinci Essay -- Art It

Mathematical Order in the Artwork of Leonardo Da Vinci A large portion of the Italian Renaissance was an obsession with finding order in everything in the universe. Its primary actors sought to show nature as orderly and fundamentally simple. Leonardo Da Vinci, the epitome of the Renaissance Man, was not the first to apply these ideas of geometric order and patterns to art, but he may be the most well known. Da Vinci used mathematical concepts like linear perspective, proportion and geometry in much of his artwork. Leonardo was born on April 15, 1452 in Vinci, a town 50 kilometers west of Florence in what is now Italy. The illegitimate son of a notary, he grew to become one of the most renowned and influential men in the fields of art, engineering, architecture, mathematics and natural science. The world was just awakening from the Dark Ages. Sigmund Freud once wrote, â€Å"He was like a man who awoke too early in the darkness, while others were still asleep† (Brizio, 7). Much of his work was lost because of the time period he lived in. The primary artifacts of his work remaining today are the many paintings he did and the numerous notebooks filled with detailed diagrams of everything from human anatomy to theoretical inventions. They are filled with detailed descriptions and explanations scribbled right to left so only those intelligent enough could read them. Leonardo did intensive studies on linear perspective. He applied this method to much of his work. According to the Thames and Hudson Dictionary of Art Terms, linear perspective is â€Å"the method of representing a 3-D object or a particular volume of space on a flat surface.† By making all of the lines in the painting converge on an single, invisible point on the horizon,... ...tic of the Italian Renaissance, is sometimes criticized. But he created harmony and balance in such a unique and beautiful way that his work is still studied 500 years later. Bibliography [1] Brizio, Anna Maria, The Painter. Leonardo: The Artist, McGraw-Hill Co., 1980. [2] Emmer, Michele, Art and Mathematics: The Plutonic Solids. The Visual Mind: Art and Mathematics, MIT Press, 1993 [3] Pioch, Nicholas, Web Museum, Paris.: Leonardo Da Vinci. http://metalab.unc.edu/wm/paint/auth/vinci/ (9/20/99). [4] Rosstad, Anna, (translated by Ann Zwick), Leonardo Da Vinci: The Man and the Mystery. Ostlands – Postens Boktrykkeri, 1994. [5] Turner, Richard A., Inventing Leonardo. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1992. [6] Zwijnenberg, Robert, The Writings and Drawings of Leonardo Da Vinci: Order and Chaos in Early Modern Thought. Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Services Marketing and Management

Defining Services Services are about the economic activities offered by one party to another. On the other hand is about exchange for the customer money, time, and effort, service customers expect to obtain value from access to goods, labor, facilities, environments, professional skills, networks, and systems; but they do not normally take ownership of any of the physical elements involved. And then services also involve a from of rental, offering benefits without transfer of ownership such as include rental of good. Defining four categories of services and exampleBased on differences in nature of service act tangible or intangible and who or what is direct recipient of service people or possessions, there are four categories of services: first one is people processing second one is possession processing, third one Mental stimulus processing, the last one is information processing. (1) People Processing is about services that are directed at the people themselves. Customers must phys ically enter the service factory. The managers should think about the process and output from customer's perspective.The people processing example have hospitals and fitness centers. (2) Possession Processing is about customers may ask service organizations to provide treatment for some of their physical possessions. Customers are less physically involved compared to people processing services. Production and consumption are separable. The possession processing example have repair services and house cleaning services (3) Mental Stimulus Processing is about the services touch people's minds, and have the power to shape attitudes and influence behavior. Core content of services is information-based. t can be inventoried The mental stimulus processing example have consulting, education and broadcasting. (4) Information processing is about information is the most intangible form of service output but may be transformed into enduring forms of service output. Some services are most highly dependent on the effective collection and processing of information. The information processing example have accounting, banking and financial. â€Å"It has been argued that businesses should see themselves as offering a customer-satisfying service rather than a goods-producing process. In this question, I think different companies will have different practices, some businesses should see themselves as offering a the customer-satisfying the service rather than a goods-producing process. Although a company can do these two completely to satisfy the customer needs. but some businesses need to provide themselves as offering a goods-producing process. But now companies are more focused on customer service. About the J. B. McKitterick, a General Electric executive, he say some marketing concept about the customer service is important.In a paper written in 1957, he observed that the principal marketing function of company is to determine what the customer wants and then develop the appr opriate product or service. Which was to develop products and then build customer interest in those products. The foundation for the marketing concept about the customer satisfaction is of primary importance. A growing number of company are giving increased attention to customer service. such as Financial institutions, beauty industry, airlines, retail stores, restaurants, manufacturers, and wholesalers face the problem of gaining and retaining the patronage of customers.Building long-term relationships with customers has been given a high priority by the majority of Hong Kong this place most successful enterprises. Many companies realize that customer satisfaction is an important key to success. Customer service can be defined as those activities that enhance or facilitate the purchase and use of the product. Competition in the industry too many, their products are the same or very similar. We have entered the age of boundless competition, triggered in large part by an expanding gl obal economy. Multinational competition has increased dramatically in recent years.To compete successfully in markets where products are the same or very similar, and prices are basically the same, so the customer service is often the only competitive advantage available. Many companies will do the survey, they will ask the customer need and they want the company will focus on customer-satisfying service or goods-producing process, the customer's answers is want to focus in customer-satisfying service. such as the company will have some training programme to give the staff. Now more people want the company can provide a good service more than a goods-producing process. ecause customers want the sales can to help them and address their needs. They will feel happy for their shopping. After their shopping, if some people feel this company have a good service, they would recommend to their friend. I think this can effectively to promote their company's products. It can attract more peop le to come the company to buy their product. On the other hand, such as financial, beauty these industries, these industries need to have and provide good customer service, because these industries require face-to-face contact with customers every time. o they need to provide the good customer service. And then the companies also hope that the customer service is ranked first, in addition, for the brand name of the company to establish good reputation, and this can increase the visibility of their company, more people can know their company information. On the other hand, they can attract more customers use the company's services or to buy the company's products. I think every company need have their customer-friendly systems and training. because the staff can know how to handled in a timely fashion. it can add value and build customer loyalty. uch as the cashier at the supermarket, the receptionist at the doctor's office, and the front-desk clerk at the hotel often have the first opportunity to serve the customer. they need to possess the social skills needed to build customer loyalty. The ultimate purpose of every business should be to satisfy the customer. Increased levels of competition require a greater commitment to customer service. some company is offering a goods-producing process rather than a customer-satisfying service. if they don't have a good service, the customer will not come to second time. o this type company can not only focus in the producing process. They also need to focus in the customer service. it can attract the customer come to next time. in this time, i think all company need focus this two type can do a good company and do very well. the company need to have quality results, good service, and a fair price to sell their product and provide their service. If the businesses that did not focus on customer feelings and emotions so they will lost customer. I will suggest the company need for continual reinforcement, and continuing good customer service programs.

Jules Ferrys Speech On Imperialism - 828 Words

According to the content section of this chapter Imperialism, means, â€Å"the subjugation, domination, and exploitation of almost the entire globe to the economic and political needs of one region (Europe), a development unprecedented in human history. To a neutral viewer this may appear like a beneficial idea. During the 1800s and early 1900s, Imperialism was seen as a benefit to some and others did not see it as this. Many European nations such as Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, as well as some other nations were gaining land. Many people had opposing views regarding imperialism. Those who were in favor of imperialism often argued that it was beneficial based on nationalism, economic gains, the fervor missions of the Christians,†¦show more content†¦Jules Ferrys idea about making the trade better is a great idea, but unfortunately would not work like he thinks. The other country would not be willingly let imperialists take over. Jule’s speech continues wi th a response from M. Camille Pelletan, an honorable audience member, he states â€Å"What is this civilization which you impose with can- non-balls? What is it but another form of barbarism? Don’t these populations, these ‘inferior races,’ have the same rights as you? Arent they masters of their own houses? (258). Pelletan jeers and condemns Ferry, but Ferry sticks to his racist ideas and continues to put the inferior races under him. Ferry continues to talk about the superiority he thinks Europe has over everyone. He states, Gentlemen, I must speak from a higher and more truthful plane. (258). Ferry is showing that he thinks he is superior to those he is speaking to and sees himself as a superior to others and that he is above the inferiors. He then continues to make it clear that superiors have control over the inferiors, â€Å"It must be stated openly that, in effect, superior races have rights over inferior races.† (258). Throughout his speech, Ferry tries to show what the positives of Imperialism is, but does not acknowledge the negatives for the expansion and take over of certain territories. The imperialists tried to make arguments that they were bringing onlyShow MoreRelatedJules Ferry Case Study717 Words   |  3 Pages Case Study: Jules Ferry Melissa Elliott Chamberlain College of Nursing HIST 410 Professor Franklin March 06, 2016 Case Study: Jules Ferry 1. According to Ferry, what recent developments in world trade have made it urgent for France to have colonies? As an imperialist, Jules Ferry felt that France should be exploring and taking over new nations. He claimed colonial expansion was a great need that had become extremely urgent by the people and industrialized population of Europe (Kleinman, 1897)Read MoreEuropean Views On Non Europeans1324 Words   |  6 Pageson non-European peoples and cultures reflected the intellectual changes of the period. Europeans learned to accept the non-Europeans mainly due to the Enlightened Absolutism that had occurred where enlightened absolute monarchs allowed freedom of speech, religious toleration, and right to hold property. Some causes that resulted in the intellectual change could’ve been the Europeans were influenced by the way a person lived/lifestyles of the non-Europeans, Nationalism, and superiority. In the earlier